3/26/2023 0 Comments Clc genomics workbench manual![]() ![]() In various embodiments, the biological sample can be selected from the group consisting of urine, saliva, sputum, liquid samples from inflamed tissue, mucous membranes, amniotic fluid, vaginal secretions, semen, synovial fluid, stool. ![]() In various embodiments, the small intestinal fluids or aspirates can be duodenal fluids or aspirate. In various embodiments, the biological sample can be selected from the group consisting of intestinal biopsies, small or large intestinal fluids or aspirates, and combinations thereof. In various embodiments, the biological sample can be selected from the group consisting of large or small intestinal fluids or aspirate, stomach fluids or aspirate, mucus, mucous membrane, stool, whole blood, plasma, serum, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), urine, sweat, saliva, tears, pulmonary secretions, breast aspirate, prostate fluid, seminal fluid, cervical scraping, vaginal secretions, amniotic fluid, semen, synovial fluid, intraocular fluid, moisture in breath, sputum, liquid sample from inflamed tissue, and combinations thereof. Recently, techniques and adaptations have been described aimed at optimizing DNA sequencing from ‘low-biomass’ samples. In addition to maintaining sterility and preventing cross-contamination, particular challenges associated with processing and isolation of DNA from small intestinal samples include the viscosity and non-homogeneity of the samples, as well as small sample volumes coupled with lower microbial content. ![]() Care is taken to prevent cross-contamination of samples with secretions from the mouth and stomach, and the use of sterile techniques including the wearing of sterile gloves during catheter assembly and sample collection and capping the syringe with a sterile cap are all important in this. Small intestinal samples are typically obtained during an upper endoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy, by passing a catheter through the biopsy channel of the endoscope into the desired intestinal segment (most commonly the duodenum), and using gentle suction to aspirate a small sample of luminal fluid. Clearly, characterizing the microbial populations of the small intestine is of central importance, but efforts to date have been hampered both by the difficulty of obtaining samples, and by difficulties associated with adapting sample processing and DNA isolation techniques that were designed for stool so that they can be used for small intestinal samples. Moreover, perturbations of small intestinal microbial populations, such as occur in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), are associated with gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea, vomiting, bloating, flatulence, abdominal pain and distension, and diarrhea and/or constipation. The small intestine, which is divided into the duodenum, ileum and jejunum, is of central importance to the processes of digestion and nutrient absorption, particularly the duodenum which is the site of convergence of chyme from the stomach, enzymes from the pancreas and bile salts from the gall bladder. Conditions such as acidity and transit time vary tremendously along this length, and as a result the microbial populations present as well as overall microbial density also differ significantly, with the small intestine being more acidic and having lower numbers of microbes than the colon. The human gastrointestinal tract is typically around 25 feet in length, of which the small intestine comprises an average of 20 feet. While the studies performed to date have provided invaluable insights into the myriad roles played by the gut microbiome, the vast majority of these have been performed using stool samples, which are not representative of the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |